High frequency of new recombinant forms in HIV-1 transmission networks demonstrated by full genome sequencing.

HIV-1 epidemic in Belgium mainly driven by the MSM. In these patients subtype B predominates but the presence of an increase in population of non-B subtypes have been reported. We aimed to determine the extent to which the increase in the heterogeneity of subtypes in high risk populations induces the formation and deployment of a new recombinant form. This study focused on the transmission network which reflects the local transmission to the important ones.

One hundred and five HIV-1 transmission clusters were identified after 2849 phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 pol sequences generated for the purpose of drug resistance test basis between 2013 and 2017. Of this group 105, 62 extended in size over the last two years and therefore considered as representing continuous transmission. These 62 clusters including 774 patients in total. From each cluster between 1 and 3 patient representatives have been selected to close the full-length viral genome sequencing. In total, 101 patients full genome sequence generated. Indications for the presence of recombinant forms newfound to 10 clusters.

DiscoveryProbe? DNA Damage/DNA Repair Library
L1033-.25	ApexBio	250 uL/well(10 mM solution)	EUR 8286

DiscoveryProbe? DNA Damage/DNA Repair Library
L1033-5	ApexBio	5 mg/well	EUR 10806

DNA-Fect
DF37100-1	Neuromics	1 ml	EUR 418.8

DNA-Fect293
DF37293-1	Neuromics	1 ml	EUR 349.2

DNA-fectamine
DNAF001	Bio Basic	1ml	EUR 334.57

T7 DNA
310-005	GeneOn	200µg	EUR 98.4

T7 DNA
310-025	GeneOn	5x200 µg	EUR 270

DNA antibody
10C-CR6034M1	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 289.2
Description: Mouse monoclonal DNA antibody

DNA antibody
10R-D114b	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 672
Description: Mouse monoclonal DNA antibody

DNA antibody
10-D20A	Fitzgerald	500 ug	EUR 591.6
Description: Mouse monoclonal DNA antibody

DNA Antibody
abx023805-02mg	Abbexa	0.2 mg	EUR 777.6

DNA Polymerase
ABD3082	Lifescience Market	100 ug	EUR 525.6

DNA pol
ABF9055	Lifescience Market	100 ug	EUR 525.6

DNA Polymerase
ABF5235	Lifescience Market	100 ug	EUR 525.6

pBR322 DNA
MSD14	Bio Basic	50ug	EUR 183.19

pUC18 DNA
G40-300	GeneOn	50µg	EUR 67.2

pUC18 DNA
G40-305	GeneOn	5x50µg	EUR 176.4

Activated DNA
80605	BPS Bioscience	500 µL	EUR 125
Description: Activated DNA for PARP assay, for use with BPS's assay kits for PARPs 1, 2, 3, and 6. PARP1 Chemiluminescent Assay Kit, #80551 ; PARP2 Chemiluminescent Assay Kit, #80552; PARP3 Chemiluminescent Assay Kit, #80553; PARP6 Chemiluminescent Assay Kit, #80556; PARP2 Homogeneous Assay Kit, #80702

Taq DNA polymerase (TQ21) , DNA Aptamer, Biotinylated
AD-146-B	Alpha Diagnostics	Custom	Ask for price

Taq DNA polymerase (TQ21) , DNA Aptamer, unlabeled
AD-146-U	Alpha Diagnostics	Custom	Ask for price

DNA Ligase I (DNA Ligase I) Antibody
abx232431-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 577.2

Mouse Anti-DNA Antibody (DNA) ELISA Kit
abx257816-96tests	Abbexa	96 tests	EUR 895.2

DFS-"HOT" Taq DNA Polymerase (DNA-free sensitive, E-coli. DNA Free)
N150	GeneOn	500 units	EUR 122.4

DFS-"HOT" Taq DNA Polymerase (DNA-free sensitive, E-coli. DNA Free)
N152	GeneOn	5x500 units	EUR 472.8

DFS-"HOT" Taq DNA Polymerase (DNA-free sensitive, E-coli. DNA Free)
N154	GeneOn	20x500 units	EUR 1830

Human DNA-directed DNA/RNA polymerase mu (POLM)
1-CSB-EP889065HU	Cusabio	EUR 606.00 EUR 318.00 EUR 2192.40 EUR 919.20 EUR 1461.60 EUR 402.00	100ug 10ug 1MG 200ug 500ug 50ug
Description: Recombinant Human DNA-directed DNA/RNA polymerase mu(POLM) expressed in E.coli

Human DNA-directed DNA/RNA polymerase mu (POLM)
1-CSB-YP889065HU	Cusabio	EUR 703.20 EUR 358.80 EUR 2606.40 EUR 1080.00 EUR 1730.40 EUR 458.40	100ug 10ug 1MG 200ug 500ug 50ug
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Taq DNA polymerase (TQ21) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled
AD-146-F	Alpha Diagnostics	Custom	Ask for price

Human Neutrophil Elastase (DNA I) , DNA Aptamer, Biotinylated
AD-155-B	Alpha Diagnostics	Custom	Ask for price

Human Neutrophil Elastase (DNA I) , DNA Aptamer, unlabeled
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Human DNA-directed DNA/RNA polymerase mu (POLM)
1-CSB-BP889065HU	Cusabio	EUR 1008.00 EUR 398.40 EUR 2604.00 EUR 1362.00 EUR 1894.80 EUR 564.00	100ug 10ug 1MG 200ug 500ug 50ug
Description: Recombinant Human DNA-directed DNA/RNA polymerase mu(POLM) expressed in Baculovirus

Recombinant human DNA-directed DNA/RNA polymerase mu
P2815	FN Test	100ug	Ask for price
Description: Recombinant protein for human DNA-directed DNA/RNA polymerase mu

DiscoveryProbe? DNA Damage/DNA Repair-related Compounds Panel
L1007-5	ApexBio	5 mg/well	EUR 7172.4
Description: A wide range of well-characterized bioactive molecules that covers various targets related to DNA damage/DNA repair, including ATM/ATR, HDAC, and topoisomerase etc. Facilitate your research towards the insights of cancer, genome instability and immune diseases etc.

Maximo DFS-Plus Taq DNA Polymerase DNA-free
N140	GeneOn	500 units	EUR 60

Maximo DFS-Plus Taq DNA Polymerase DNA-free
N142	GeneOn	5x500 units	EUR 144

Maximo DFS-Plus Taq DNA Polymerase DNA-free
N144	GeneOn	20x500 units	EUR 440.4

DNA Sample Diluent
D006-100	Cygnus Technologies	100 ml	EUR 447.6
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D006-1000	Cygnus Technologies	1000 ml	EUR 1400.4
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D006-500	Cygnus Technologies	500 ml	EUR 871.2
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DNA Precipitation Buffer
D106	Cygnus Technologies	55 ml	EUR 210
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100bp DNA Marker
D1100-050	GenDepot	50㎍	EUR 198

100bp DNA Marker
D1100-250	GenDepot	5X50㎍	EUR 660

1Kb DNA Marker
D1101-050	GenDepot	50㎍	EUR 157.2

1Kb DNA Marker
D1101-250	GenDepot	5X50㎍	EUR 360

Human DNA Concentrate
D162	Cygnus Technologies	1 ml	EUR 607.2
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D412	Cygnus Technologies	1 ml	EUR 650.4
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D552	Cygnus Technologies	1 ml	EUR 650.4
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Taq DNA polymerase
BT10101	Bioatlas	500U	EUR 96
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

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BT10202	Bioatlas	1000U	EUR 228
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DNA PK Antibody
AF5340	Affbiotech	200ul	EUR 420

DNA-PK Antibody
AF6631	Affbiotech	100ul	EUR 420

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AF0550	Affbiotech	200ul	EUR 420

DNA PKcs antibody
70R-50261	Fitzgerald	100 ul	EUR 292.8
Description: Purified Polyclonal DNA PKcs antibody

DNA PKcs Antibody
48923-100ul	SAB	100ul	EUR 399.6

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48923-50ul	SAB	50ul	EUR 286.8

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6023	Chondrex	1 kit	EUR 216.6
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7-03778	CHI Scientific	2,000U	Ask for price

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7-03780	CHI Scientific	20,000U	Ask for price

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402-002	GeneOn	400 WEISS UNITS	EUR 75.6

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402-010	GeneOn	2000 WEISS UNITS	EUR 184.8

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20-ZS20	Fitzgerald	250 ug	EUR 505.2
Description: Sheep polyclonal Z-DNA antibody

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20R-1466	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 807.6
Description: Rabbit polyclonal DNA PK antibody

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20R-2017	Fitzgerald	50 ug	EUR 337.2
Description: Rabbit polyclonal DNA PKcs antibody

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20R-2346	Fitzgerald	50 ug	EUR 337.2
Description: Rabbit polyclonal DNA PKcs antibody

DNA PKcs antibody
10R-10729	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 457.2
Description: Mouse monoclonal DNA PKcs antibody

DNA-PK Antibody
33358-100ul	SAB	100ul	EUR 302.4

DNA-PK Antibody
33358-50ul	SAB	50ul	EUR 224.4

Phage λ-DNA
301-025	GeneOn	500 µg	EUR 122.4

Phage λ-DNA
301-100	GeneOn	5x500µg	EUR 426

DNA polymerase ? (Rat)
10-101	Sceti	20ug	EUR 465.6
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10-102	Sceti	100ug	EUR 1107.6
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Circulating DNA Kit
abx098870-50rxns	Abbexa	50 rxns	EUR 477.6

DNA ligase Antibody
20-abx110554	Abbexa	EUR 493.20 EUR 2214.00 EUR 718.80 EUR 218.40 EUR 360.00	100 ug 1 mg 200 ug 20 ug 50 ug

2K DNA Marker
20-abx098045	Abbexa	EUR 309.60 EUR 226.80	2.5 ml 500 ul

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20-abx098048	Abbexa	EUR 309.60 EUR 226.80	2.5 ml 500 ul

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20-abx098049	Abbexa	EUR 326.40 EUR 226.80	2.5 ml 500 ul

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20-abx098050	Abbexa	EUR 309.60 EUR 226.80	2.5 ml 500 ul

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20-abx098052	Abbexa	EUR 326.40 EUR 226.80	2.5 ml 500 ul

Genomic DNA Kit
20-abx098076	Abbexa	EUR 526.80 EUR 292.80	200 rxns 50 rxns

T4 DNA Ligase
abx098136-10kU	Abbexa	10 kU	EUR 385.2

T4 DNA Ligase
abx098136-20Ku	Abbexa	20 Ku	EUR 477.6

DNA Loading Buffer
abx098143-5ml	Abbexa	5 ml	EUR 210

DNA PK Antibody
abx149863-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 526.8

Intercalated DNA Antibody
abx020668-02mg	Abbexa	0.2 mg	EUR 627.6

Sapphire Baculovirus DNA
ABP-BVD-10001	Allele Biotech	15 µg (10 rxns)	Ask for price

DNA- PK Antibody
ABF0550	Lifescience Market	100 ug	EUR 525.6

DNA PK Antibody
ABF5340	Lifescience Market	100 ug	EUR 525.6

Circulating DNA Kit
abx298027-50rxns	Abbexa	50 rxns	EUR 477.6

100bp DNA ladder
9K-004-0002	Bio Basic	0.5ml	EUR 260.98

Taq DNA Polymerase
BA00103	Cusabio	500U	EUR 104.4
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

Taq DNA Polymerase
BA00104	Bioatlas	1000U	EUR 147.6
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

Taq DNA Polymerase
BA00105	Bioatlas	2500U	EUR 278.4
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

HotTaq DNA Polymerase
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Description: High quality HotTaq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

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BA00204	Bioatlas	1000U	EUR 286.8
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BA00205	Bioatlas	2500U	EUR 626.4
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RedTaq DNA Polymerase
BA00303	Bioatlas	500U	EUR 147.6
Description: High quality RedTaq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

RedTaq DNA Polymerase
BA00304	Bioatlas	1000U	EUR 235.2
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RedTaq DNA Polymerase
BA00305	Bioatlas	2500U	EUR 495.6
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Pfu DNA Polymerase
BA00503	Bioatlas	500U	EUR 174
Description: High quality Pfu polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

Pfu DNA Polymerase
BA00504	Bioatlas	1000U	EUR 286.8
Description: High quality Pfu polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

Pfu DNA Polymerase
BA00505	Bioatlas	2500U	EUR 626.4
Description: High quality Pfu polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

ClearSight DNA Stain
BH40501	Bioatlas	1ml	EUR 123.6
Description: For DNA staining and vizualization.

BIOTAQ DNA Polymerase
BIO-21040	Bioline	500 Units	Ask for price

IMMOLASE DNA Polymerase
BIO-21046	Bioline	250 Units	Ask for price

IMMOLASE DNA Polymerase
BIO-21047	Bioline	500 Units	Ask for price

IMMOLASE DNA Polymerase
BIO-21048	Bioline	5000 Units	Ask for price

ACCUZYME DNA Polymerase
BIO-21051	Bioline	250 Units	Ask for price

ACCUZYME DNA Polymerase
BIO-21052	Bioline	500 Units	Ask for price

BIOTAQ DNA Polymerase
BIO-21060	Bioline	2500 Units	Ask for price

MangoTaq DNA Polymerase
BIO-21078	Bioline	5000 Units	Ask for price

MangoTaq DNA Polymerase
BIO-21082	Bioline	2000 Units	Ask for price

MangoTaq DNA Polymerase
BIO-21083	Bioline	1000 Units	Ask for price

VELOCITY DNA Polymerase
BIO-21098	Bioline	250 Units	Ask for price

VELOCITY DNA Polymerase
BIO-21099	Bioline	500 Units	Ask for price

MyTaq DNA Polymerase
BIO-21105	Bioline	500 units	Ask for price

MyTaq DNA Polymerase
BIO-21105/S	Bioline	Sample	Ask for price

MyTaq DNA Polymerase
BIO-21106	Bioline	2500 units	Ask for price

MyTaq DNA Polymerase
BIO-21107	Bioline	5000 units	Ask for price

MyFi DNA Polymerase
BIO-21117	Bioline	250 Units	Ask for price

MyFi DNA Polymerase
BIO-21117/S	Bioline	Sample	Ask for price

MyFi DNA Polymerase
BIO-21118	Bioline	500 Units	Ask for price

MyFi DNA Polymerase
BIO-21119	Bioline	2500 Units	Ask for price

Ranger DNA Polymerase
BIO-21121	Bioline	250 Units	Ask for price

Ranger DNA Polymerase
BIO-21121/S	Bioline	Sample	Ask for price

Ranger DNA Polymerase
BIO-21122	Bioline	500 Units	Ask for price

Human Genomic DNA
BIO-35025	Bioline	500µl @ 200ng/µl	Ask for price

AceTaq DNA Polymerase
P401-d1	Vazyme	250 U	EUR 163.2

AceTaq DNA Polymerase
P401-d2	Vazyme	1000 U	EUR 272.4

AceTaq DNA Polymerase
P401-d3	Vazyme	3000 U	EUR 536.4

Taq DNA Polymerase
L7051001	Biochain	1000 unit	EUR 234
Description: Premade ready to use kits will always come in handy. Get your experiment done right form the first try by using a validated kit with perfectly balanced reagents proportions and compatibility and by following a clear protocol.

Taq DNA Polymerase
L7051200	Biochain	200 unit	EUR 104.4
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DNA Storage Solution
LB3401010	Biochain	10 ml	EUR 94.8
Description: Premade ready to use kits will always come in handy. Get your experiment done right form the first try by using a validated kit with perfectly balanced reagents proportions and compatibility and by following a clear protocol.

DL5000 DNA Marker
MD102-01	Vazyme	250 μl	EUR 128.4

DL5000 DNA Marker
MD102-02	Vazyme	500 μl	EUR 135.6

DL15000 DNA Marker
MD103-01	Vazyme	250 μl	EUR 130.8

DL15000 DNA Marker
MD103-02	Vazyme	500 μl	EUR 138

pUC 18 DNA
MSD15	Bio Basic	50ug	EUR 146.65

pUC 19 DNA
MSD16	Bio Basic	50ug	EUR 136.21

pUC 57 DNA
MSD17	Bio Basic	50ug	EUR 136.21

T4 DNA Polymerase
N101-01	Vazyme	2000 U	EUR 278.4

DNA Pure Kit
FYG601-100P	Yeastern Biotech	100 Preps	Ask for price

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FYG601-300P	Yeastern Biotech	300 Preps	Ask for price

DNA Loading Dye
G030	ABM	6X; 3 x 1.0 ml	EUR 94.8

Kodaq DNA Polymerase
G498	ABM	250 U (50 ul)	EUR 104.4

These 10 clusters represented 105 patients or 13.6% of the patients covered by the study. The findings clearly show that the new recombinant strains that contribute to local transmission, even in epidemic largely driven MSM and subtype B. It is an evolution that needs to be monitored as a genomic fragment reshuffled through recombination can affect the transmissibility of viruses and pathology of infection. In addition, important changes in the virus genome sequence can be challenging performance tests used for diagnosis, patient monitoring and analysis of drug resistance.